Glass bottle production process technology 2023

The production process of glass includes: batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes. They are described as follows:-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

First, the ingredients, in accordance with the design of the material list, will be a variety of raw materials weighed in a mixing machine to mix evenly. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid and so on.-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

Second, melting, will be matched with the raw materials after high-temperature heating, the formation of uniform bubble-free glass liquid.

This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. Glass melting in the kiln. There are two main types of kilns: one is the crucible kiln, the glass material in the crucible, outside the crucible heating. A small crucible kiln holds only one crucible, while a large one can hold up to 20 crucibles.

Crucible kiln is the gap type production, now only optical glass and colour glass using crucible kiln production. Another is the pool kiln, glass material in the kiln pool melting, open flame in the glass surface of the upper heating.

Most of the glass melting temperature in 1300 ~ 1600 ゜ C. Most of the flame heating, there are a small number of electric current heating, known as electric melting kiln. Nowadays, the kilns are in continuous production, the small ones can be a few metres and the big ones can be as big as more than 400 metres.

Third, forming, is to melt the liquid glass into a solid product with a fixed shape. Forming must be in a certain temperature range can be carried out, this is a cooling process, the glass first from the viscous liquid state into a plastic state, and then into a brittle solid state. Forming methods can be divided into artificial forming and mechanical forming two categories.

　A. Artificial forming.-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

(1) blowing, with a nickel-chromium alloy blowpipe, pick a ball of glass in the mould while turning and blowing. Mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls (scratching spectacle lenses) and so on.

(2) pulling, after blowing into a small bubble, another worker with a top disc stick, two people blowing and pulling mainly used to make glass pipe or rod.

(3) Pressing, pick a ball of glass, cut with scissors so that it falls into the concave mould, and then use the convex mould a pressure. Mainly used to form cups, plates, etc.

(4) free forming, after picking material with pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools directly into crafts.

B. Mechanical forming. -Glass bottle production process technology 2023

Because of artificial forming labour intensity, high temperature, poor conditions, so, in addition to free forming, most have been replaced by mechanical forming. Mechanical forming in addition to pressing, blowing, pulling, there are.-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

(1) calendering method, used to produce thick plate glass, engraved glass, folder wire glass, etc..　

(2) casting method, the production of optical glass.

(3) centrifugal casting method, used in the manufacture of large-diameter glass tubes, vessels and large-capacity reaction pots. This involves injecting molten glass into a high-speed rotating mould, where the glass is pressed against the walls of the mould due to centrifugal force, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens.

Fourth, annealing, glass in the forming over into the intense temperature changes and shape changes, this change in the glass left thermal stress. This thermal stress will reduce the strength and thermal stability of glass products. If cooled directly, it is likely to rupture itself during the cooling process or later during storage, transport and use. In order to eliminate the cold burst phenomenon, glass products must be annealed after forming. Annealing is the holding or slow cooling in a certain temperature range for a period of time to eliminate or reduce the thermal stresses in the glass to allowable values.-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

　　In addition, some glass products in order to increase its strength, can be stiffened. Including: physical stiffening (quenching), used for thicker glasses, desktop glass, automotive windshields, etc.; and chemical stiffening (ion exchange), used for watch watch glass, aviation glass, etc.. The principle of stiffening is to create compressive stress on the surface layer of glass to increase its strength.-Glass bottle production process technology 2023

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